Anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG & IgM)

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterised clinically by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. APS is diagnosed in patients who present with these clinical signs and symptoms and demonstrate the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Criteria antibodies for diagnosis of APS are lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies and/or β2 glycoprotein I antibodies. Persistence of one or more of these antibodies in the presence of appropriate clinical manifestations secures diagnosis of APS, although association and recurrence are higher in patients with multiple-positivity.